基于合成射流的旋翼翼型动态失速控制研究

针对直升机旋翼工作环境下来流速度和迎角(Angle of attack,AoA)耦合引起的动态失速问题,建立了基于合成射流的旋翼动态失速控制的数值模拟方法。采用运动嵌套网格方法,通过对翼型的平移和旋转实现变来流速度-变迎角的耦合。以积分形式的雷诺平均N-S方程为主控方程,空间离散使用Roe格式,时间离散为隐式LU-SGS方法,以OA209翼型为研究对象,在翼型上表面放置合成射流激振器,开展了射流位置、动量系数、无量纲频率以及偏角等参数对轻度失速、深度失速下翼型动态失速控制的研究。研究发现,轻度失速下,射流位置靠近气流分离点时(20%c附近,c为翼型弦长),对逆压梯度引起的轻度失速控制效果最佳。深度失速下气流分离点虽在5%c之前,但射流位于前缘分离泡后端(10%c附近)时控制效果较好。大迎角需要较大的动量系数才能有效控制。射流频率对涡结构的尺寸和数量会产生一定影响,能改变气动特性波动幅度。较小的射流偏角对轻度失速的控制更有效,而深度失速则需要较大的偏角。     

Effect of moderate geomagnetic storms on equatorial plasma bubbles over eastern Africa in the year 2012: Evolution and electrodynamics

Equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) are common features of the equatorial and low-latitude ionosphere and are known to cause radio wave scintillation which leads to the degradation of communication and navigation systems. Although these structures have been studied for decades, a full understanding of their evolution and dynamics remains important for space weather mitigation purposes. In this study, we present cases of EPBs occurrences around April and July 2012 geomagnetic storm periods over the African equatorial sector. The EPBs were observed from the Communications/Navigation Outage Forecasting System (C/NOFS) and generally correlated well to the ionospheric irregularities observed from the Global Positioning System total electron content (GPS-TEC) measurements (rate of TEC change, ROT). This study revealed that the evolution of the EPBs during moderate storms is controlled by the strength of the daytime equatorial electrojet (EEJ) currents regardless of the strength of the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA), the latter is observed during the July storm case in particular. These effects were more evident during the main and part of the early recovery phases of the geomagnetic storm days considered. However, the evening hours TEC gradients between regions of the magnetic equator and ionization crests also played roles in the existence of ionospheric irregularities.     

多种工质下螺旋波等离子体源波场结构数值模拟

针对螺旋波等离子体放电机理，开展了多种工质条件下的螺旋波放电等离子体内波场结构数值模拟研究。计算发现:氦气等离子体的Er分量在径向边界处的峰值更为突出，有利于等离子体在径向的输运，波电场径向分量决定了电流密度径向分量在内部的表现。在0.266 Pa和1.064 Pa两种气体压强条件下，通过波场结构验证了气压对于波阻尼影响的结论。波场结构是螺旋波在等离子体内传播以及能量沉积的微观体现，研究螺旋波波场结构是揭示其高电离效率的重要途径。初步探索了功率耦合机制，为实验系统优化及实验方案设定奠定理论基础。     

RPC-MAG The Fluxgate Magnetometer in the ROSETTA Plasma Consortium

The fluxgate magnetometer experiment onboard the ROSETTA spacecraft aims to measure the magnetic field in the interaction region of the solar wind plasma with comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. It consists of a system of two ultra light (about 28 g each ) triaxial fluxgate magnetometer sensors, mounted on the 1.5 m long spacecraft boom. The measurement range of each sensor is ±16384 nT with quantization steps of 31 pT. The magnetometer sensors are operated with a time resolution of up to 0.05 s, corresponding to a bandwidth of 0–10 Hz. This performance of the RPC-MAG sensors allows detailed analyses of magnetic field variations in the cometary environment. RPC-MAG furthermore is designed to study possible remnant magnetic fields of the nucleus, measurements which will be done in close cooperation with the ROSETTA lander magnetometer experiment ROMAP.     

Global Response of Martian Plasma Environment to an Interplanetary Structure: From Ena and Plasma Observations at Mars

As a part of the global plasma environment study of Mars and its response to the solar wind, we have analyzed a peculiar case of the subsolar energetic neutral atom (ENA) jet observed on June 7, 2004 by the Neutral Particle Detector (NPD) on board the Mars Express satellite. The “subsolar ENA jet” is generated by the interaction between the solar wind and the Martian exosphere, and is one of the most intense sources of ENA flux observed in the vicinity of Mars. On June 7, 2004 (orbit 485 of Mars Express), the NPD observed a very intense subsolar ENA jet, which then abruptly decreased within ∼10 sec followed by quasi-periodic (∼1 min) flux variations. Simultaneously, the plasma sensors detected a solar wind structure, which was most likely an interplanetary shock surface. The abrupt decrease of the ENA flux and the quasi-periodic flux variations can be understood in the framework of the global response of the Martian plasma obstacle to the interplanetary shock. The generation region of the subsolar ENA jet was pushed towards the planet by the interplanetary shock; and therefore, Mars Express went out of the ENA jet region. Associated global vibrations of the Martian plasma obstacle may have been the cause of the quasi-periodic flux variations of the ENA flux at the spacecraft location.     

水下超声速过膨胀燃气射流的流场特性

为研究水下超声速过膨胀燃气射流的流场特性,在压力水筒中开展了大扩张比锥形喷管的固体火箭发动机水下点火实验,并基于雷诺时均Navier-Stokes（RANS）方法和流体体积（VOF）模型进行数值求解,分析了过膨胀燃气射流与水介质的相互作用过程。研究表明：超声速过膨胀燃气建立射流通道后,射流核心区长度随喷管落压比的减少而减少;射流核心区剧烈振荡,表现为高频的膨胀和收缩,振荡频率随喷管落压比的减小而增加,范围为100~200 Hz;射流边界不断振荡,并伴随波系结构变化,当过膨胀程度较大时,激波进入喷管使其发生流动分离现象,流动分离点周期性往复移动;分离区内压力脉动没有显著的特征频率,主要集中在100~600 Hz的宽频带,锥形喷管水下流动分离的简易判据为喷管出口压力不低于环境背压的0.44倍。     

延伸冲击孔冲击冷却流动与换热特性的数值研究

采用数值模拟方法研究了延伸冲击孔冲击冷却系统的冷却特性,分析了3个冲击雷诺数和5个冲击孔延伸长度对冲击腔内流动与换热特性的影响,给出了靶面努塞尔数分布、靶面压力分布、中心截面流速与综合换热性能的变化。结果表明：延伸冲击孔可以有效地防止横流对冲击射流的偏转作用,同时使射流出口更加贴近冲击靶面壁面,冲击速度更高,可以明显提高靶面的换热系数,并使整个靶面上的换热系数分布也更加均匀。冲击冷却的冷却性能随着冲击孔延伸长度的增加而增加,相较于传统冲击冷却（baseline）,在L/d=2.5时靶面平均努塞尔数提升达15%以上,但压力损失也相对较高;对比不同延伸长度冲击孔的综合换热性能,发现存在最佳的L/d取值范围使冲击冷却系统获得最佳的综合冷却性能。在本研究范围内,最佳的L/d= 2.5。     

圆柱形Hall推力器磁场的设计与数值模拟

霍尔(Hall)推力器的磁场设计是提高其性能的关键技术之一。针对传统环形Hall推力器小型化带来的缺点,提出了圆柱形的Hall推力器。简要对比了环形和圆柱形两种推力器,对圆柱形推力器的工作原理、磁场设计的要求以及利用ANSYS有限元软件进行的电磁场数值模拟的结果进行了详细分析。结果表明,圆柱形推力器磁路设计是合理的,另外也证明了用ANSYS有限元软件进行电磁场模拟的可靠性。     

喷流噪声特性与控制研究

本文着重研究喷流噪声机理及工程计算方法。通过实验研究了声功率与喷流速度的关系,表明在Mα>0.4时Lighthill方程和Lilley方程均与实验数据吻合,可分别使用。而Mα<0.4时,均偏差较大,通过本文实验表明,若改为6次方关系较为恰当。文章同时对喷流噪声指向性、谱特性进行了分析。最后对一种引射消声器进行了发展性研究,获得在135dB噪声条件下,降噪17dB的效果。     

余辉等离子体的实验研究

利用调制脉冲产生的余辉等离子体的参数测量表明:等离子体空间电位和电子温度的衰变是重要的,它在余辉等离子体的密度衰变过程研究中必须予以考虑.对容器中余辉等离子体密度径向分布的测量结果与理论预言是一致的.